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Swap the input arguments
Write a two-input, two-output function that swaps its two input arguments. For example: [q,r] = swap(5,10) returns q = ...

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Vector creation
Create a vector using square brackets going from 1 to the given value x in steps on 1. Hint: use increment.

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Doubling elements in a vector
Given the vector A, return B in which all numbers in A are doubling. So for: A = [ 1 5 8 ] then B = [ 1 1 5 ...

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Create a vector
Create a vector from 0 to n by intervals of 2.

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Flip the vector from right to left
Flip the vector from right to left. Examples x=[1:5], then y=[5 4 3 2 1] x=[1 4 6], then y=[6 4 1]; Request not to use d...

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Whether the input is vector?
Given the input x, return 1 if x is vector or else 0.

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Find max
Find the maximum value of a given vector or matrix.

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Get the length of a given vector
Given a vector x, the output y should equal the length of x.

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Inner product of two vectors
Find the inner product of two vectors.

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Arrange Vector in descending order
If x=[0,3,4,2,1] then y=[4,3,2,1,0]

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Estimating Battery Lifetime Based on Load Profile and Depth of Discharge (DoD)
In a Battery Management System (BMS), the lifetime of a battery depends on various factors, including the Depth of Discharge (Do...

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Estimating the Range of an Electric Vehicle (EV)
In Electric Vehicles (EVs), the driving range is the estimated distance a vehicle can travel on a fully charged battery. The ran...

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Estimating Battery Backup Time for an Inverter
In a Battery Management System (BMS), estimating the backup time of a battery-powered inverter helps determine how long it can s...

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Battery Charge Rate Calculation
In a Battery Management System (BMS), the charge rate () of a battery can be calculated using the formula: where: is th...

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Battery State of Health (SoH) Calculation
In a Battery Management System (BMS), the State of Health (SoH) of a battery is an indicator of its overall condition. It is cal...

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Battery Charge Efficiency Calculation
In a Battery Management System (BMS), the efficiency of battery charging can be estimated using the formula: where: is the...

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Battery Voltage Drop Estimation
In a Battery Management System (BMS), the voltage drop (V_drop) due to the load can be calculated using the formula:V_drop=I×R ...

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Battery Discharge Time Estimation
In a Battery Management System (BMS), the estimated discharge time (T) of a battery can be calculated as: where: is the ...

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State of Charge (SoC) Estimation for a Battery
The State of Charge (SoC) of a battery represents its remaining charge as a percentage. It can be calculated using the formula: ...

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Battery Life Estimation for a Device
A battery-powered device consumes a constant current while operating. The estimated battery life (T) can be calculated using the...

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Simulate full-stop emergency braking scenario.
Emergency braking events demand rapid deceleration to bring the vehicle safely to rest. Given initial vehicle speed and constant...

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Compute optimal regenerative and friction brake torque blending.
Electric and hybrid vehicles combine regenerative braking with traditional friction braking to maximize energy recovery while en...

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Estimate brake disc temperature rise during braking.
During braking, kinetic energy is converted into thermal energy, causing brake discs to heat up. Excessive temperature rise can ...

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Compute optimal front–rear brake force distribution.
Modern braking systems dynamically distribute braking forces between front and rear axles to maintain stability, reduce stopping...

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Compute wheel slip ratio during braking.
During braking, a difference develops between the vehicle’s forward speed and the rotational speed of its wheels. This differenc...

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Estimate dynamic load transfer to front axle during braking.
During braking, load shifts from the rear axle to the front axle. Given mass, deceleration, center of gravity height, and wheelb...

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Estimate brake line pressure required for a given force.
Hydraulic braking systems amplify pedal input to generate braking force. Given braking force and piston area, compute the hydrau...

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Compute the required brake torque at wheel to stop the car
Brake torque defines how effectively braking force translates into wheel deceleration. Given braking force and wheel radius, det...

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Compute braking force using vehicle mass and acceleration.
Compute braking force required to stop a vehicle of mass 'm' and with acceleration 'a' Remember: F = m × a.

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Compute vehicle stopping distance using initial speed and constant deceleration.
Given vehicle speed v (m/s) and constant deceleration a (m/s²), compute stopping distance Remember: d = v² / (2a)

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