Modal Superposition Method for Structural Dynamics Problem
This example shows how to solve a structural dynamics problem by using modal analysis results. Solve for the transient response at the center of a 3-D beam under a harmonic load on one of its corners. Compare the direct integration results with the results obtained by modal superposition.
Modal Analysis
Create a modal analysis model for a 3-D problem.
modelM = createpde("structural","modal-solid");
Create the geometry and include it in the model. Plot the geometry and display the edge and vertex labels.
gm = multicuboid(0.05,0.003,0.003); modelM.Geometry=gm; pdegplot(modelM,"EdgeLabels","on","VertexLabels","on"); view([95 5])
Generate a mesh.
msh = generateMesh(modelM);
Specify Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, and the mass density of the material.
structuralProperties(modelM,"YoungsModulus",210E9, ... "PoissonsRatio",0.3, ... "MassDensity",7800);
Specify minimal constraints on one end of the beam to prevent rigid body modes. For example, specify that edge 4 and vertex 7 are fixed boundaries.
structuralBC(modelM,"Edge",4,"Constraint","fixed"); structuralBC(modelM,"Vertex",7,"Constraint","fixed");
Solve the problem for the frequency range from 0 to 500000. The recommended approach is to use a value that is slightly smaller than the expected lowest frequency. Thus, use -0.1 instead of 0.
Rm = solve(modelM,"FrequencyRange",[-0.1,500000]);
Transient Analysis
Create a transient analysis model for a 3-D problem.
modelD = createpde("structural","transient-solid");
Use the same geometry and mesh as for the modal analysis.
modelD.Geometry = gm; modelD.Mesh = msh;
Specify the same values for Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, and the mass density of the material.
structuralProperties(modelD,"YoungsModulus",210E9, ... "PoissonsRatio",0.3, ... "MassDensity",7800);
Specify the same minimal constraints on one end of the beam to prevent rigid body modes.
structuralBC(modelD,"Edge",4,"Constraint","fixed"); structuralBC(modelD,"Vertex",7,"Constraint","fixed");
Apply a sinusoidal force on the corner opposite the constrained edge and vertex.
structuralBoundaryLoad(modelD,"Vertex",5, ... "Force",[0,0,10], ... "Frequency",7600);
Specify the zero initial displacement and velocity.
structuralIC(modelD,"Velocity",[0;0;0],"Displacement",[0;0;0]);
Specify the relative and absolute tolerances for the solver.
modelD.SolverOptions.RelativeTolerance = 1E-5; modelD.SolverOptions.AbsoluteTolerance = 1E-9;
Solve the model using the default direct integration method.
tlist = linspace(0,0.004,120); Rd = solve(modelD,tlist);
Now, solve the model using the modal results.
tlist = linspace(0,0.004,120);
Rdm = solve(modelD,tlist,"ModalResults",Rm);
Interpolate the displacement at the center of the beam.
intrpUd = interpolateDisplacement(Rd,0,0,0.0015); intrpUdm = interpolateDisplacement(Rdm,0,0,0.0015);
Compare the direct integration results with the results obtained by modal superposition.
plot(Rd.SolutionTimes,intrpUd.uz,"bo") hold on plot(Rdm.SolutionTimes,intrpUdm.uz,"rx") grid on legend("Direct integration", "Modal superposition") xlabel("Time"); ylabel("Center of beam displacement")