# ClassificationSVM Predict

Classify observations using support vector machine (SVM) classifier for one-class and binary classification

• Library:
• Statistics and Machine Learning Toolbox / Classification

## Description

The ClassificationSVM Predict block classifies observations using an SVM classification object (`ClassificationSVM` or `CompactClassificationSVM`) for one-class and two-class (binary) classification.

Import a trained SVM classification object into the block by specifying the name of a workspace variable that contains the object. The input port x receives an observation (predictor data), and the output port label returns a predicted class label for the observation. You can add an optional output port score that returns predicted class scores or posterior probabilities.

## Ports

### Input

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Predictor data, specified as a column vector or row vector of one observation.

#### Dependencies

• The variables in x must have the same order as the predictor variables that trained the SVM model specified by ```Select trained machine learning model```.

• If you set `'Standardize',true` in `fitcsvm` when training the SVM model, then the ClassificationSVM Predict block standardizes the values of x using the means and standard deviations in the `Mu` and `Sigma` properties (respectively) of the SVM model.

Data Types: `single` | `double` | `half` | `int8` | `int16` | `int32` | `int64` | `uint8` | `uint16` | `uint32` | `uint64` | `Boolean` | `fixed point`

### Output

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Predicted class label, returned as a scalar.

#### Dependencies

• For one-class learning, label is the value representing the positive class.

• For two-class learning, label is the class yielding the largest score or the largest posterior probability.

Data Types: `single` | `double` | `half` | `int8` | `int16` | `int32` | `int64` | `uint8` | `uint16` | `uint32` | `uint64` | `Boolean` | `fixed point` | `enumerated`

Predicted class scores or posterior probabilities, returned as a scalar for one-class learning or a 1-by-2 vector for two-class learning.

• For one-class learning, score is the classification score of the positive class. You cannot obtain posterior probabilities for one-class learning.

• For two-class learning, score is a 1-by-2 vector.

• The first and second element of score correspond to the classification scores of the negative class (`svmMdl.ClassNames(1)`) and the positive class (`svmMdl.ClassNames(2)`), respectively, where `svmMdl` is the SVM model specified by ```Select trained machine learning model```. You can use the `ClassNames` property of `svmMdl` to check the negative and positive class names.

• If you fit the optimal score-to-posterior-probability transformation function using `fitPosterior` or `fitSVMPosterior`, then score contains class posterior probabilities. Otherwise, score contains class scores.

#### Dependencies

To enable this port, select the check box for `Add output port for predicted class scores` on the Main tab of the Block Parameters dialog box.

Data Types: `single` | `double` | `half` | `int8` | `int16` | `int32` | `int64` | `uint8` | `uint16` | `uint32` | `uint64` | `Boolean` | `fixed point`

## Parameters

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### Main

Specify the name of a workspace variable that contains a `ClassificationSVM` object or `CompactClassificationSVM` object.

When you train the SVM model by using `fitcsvm`, the following restrictions apply:

• The predictor data cannot include categorical predictors (`logical`, `categorical`, `char`, `string`, or `cell`). If you supply training data in a table, the predictors must be numeric (`double` or `single`). Also, you cannot use the `'CategoricalPredictors'` name-value argument. To include categorical predictors in a model, preprocess the categorical predictors by using `dummyvar` before fitting the model.

• The value of the `'ScoreTransform'` name-value argument cannot be `'invlogit'` or an anonymous function. For a block that predicts posterior probabilities given new observations, pass a trained SVM model to `fitPosterior` or `fitSVMPosterior`.

• The value of the `'KernelFunction'` name-value argument must be `'gaussian'` (same as `'rbf'`, default for one-class learning), `'linear'` (default for two-class learning), or `'polynomial'`.

#### Programmatic Use

 Block Parameter: `TrainedLearner` Type: workspace variable Values: `ClassificationSVM` object | `CompactClassificationSVM` object Default: `'svmMdl'`

Select the check box to include the second output port score in the ClassificationSVM Predict block.

#### Programmatic Use

 Block Parameter: `ShowOutputScore` Type: character vector Values: `'off' | 'on'` Default: `'off'`

### Data Types

Fixed-Point Operational Parameters

Specify the rounding mode for fixed-point operations. For more information, see Rounding (Fixed-Point Designer).

Block parameters always round to the nearest representable value. To control the rounding of a block parameter, enter an expression using a MATLAB® rounding function into the mask field.

#### Programmatic Use

 Block Parameter: `RndMeth` Type: character vector Values: ```'Ceiling' | 'Convergent' | 'Floor' | 'Nearest' | 'Round' | 'Simplest' | 'Zero'``` Default: `'Floor'`

Specify whether overflows saturate or wrap.

ActionRationaleImpact on OverflowsExample

Select this check box (`on`).

Your model has possible overflow, and you want explicit saturation protection in the generated code.

Overflows saturate to either the minimum or maximum value that the data type can represent.

The maximum value that the `int8` (signed 8-bit integer) data type can represent is 127. Any block operation result greater than this maximum value causes overflow of the 8-bit integer. With the check box selected, the block output saturates at 127. Similarly, the block output saturates at a minimum output value of –128.

Clear this check box (`off`).

You want to optimize efficiency of your generated code.

You want to avoid overspecifying how a block handles out-of-range signals. For more information, see Troubleshoot Signal Range Errors (Simulink).

Overflows wrap to the appropriate value that the data type can represent.

The maximum value that the `int8` (signed 8-bit integer) data type can represent is 127. Any block operation result greater than this maximum value causes overflow of the 8-bit integer. With the check box cleared, the software interprets the overflow causing value as `int8`, which can produce an unintended result. For example, a block result of 130 (binary 1000 0010) expressed as `int8` is –126.

#### Programmatic Use

 Block Parameter: `SaturateOnIntegerOverflow` Type: character vector Values: `'off' | 'on'` Default: `'off'`

Select this parameter to prevent the fixed-point tools from overriding the data type you specify for the block. For more information, see Use Lock Output Data Type Setting (Fixed-Point Designer).

#### Programmatic Use

 Block Parameter: `LockScale` Type: character vector Values: `'off' | 'on'` Default: `'off'`
Data Type

Specify the data type for the label output. The type can be inherited, specified as an enumerated data type, or expressed as a data type object such as `Simulink.NumericType`.

When you select an inherited option, the software behaves as follows:

• `Inherit: Inherit via back propagation` (default for numeric and logical labels) — Simulink automatically determines the Label data type of the block during data type propagation (see Data Type Propagation (Simulink)). In this case, the block uses the data type of a downstream block or signal object.

• `Inherit: auto` (default for nonnumeric labels) — The block uses an autodefined enumerated data type variable. For example, suppose the workspace variable name specified by ```Select trained machine learning model``` is `myMdl`, and the class labels are `class 1` and `class 2`. Then, the corresponding label values are `myMdl_enumLabels.class_1` and `myMdl_enumLabels.class_2`. The block converts the class labels to valid MATLAB identifiers by using the `matlab.lang.makeValidName` function.

Click the button to display the Data Type Assistant, which helps you set the data type attributes. For more information, see Specify Data Types Using Data Type Assistant (Simulink).

#### Dependencies

The supported data types depend on the labels used in the model specified by ```Select trained machine learning model```.

• If the model uses numeric or logical labels, the supported data types are `Inherit: Inherit via back propagation` (default), `double`, `single`, `half`, `int8`, `uint8`, `int16`, `uint16`, `int32`, `uint32`, `int64`, `uint64`, `boolean`, fixed point, and a data type object.

• If the model uses nonnumeric labels, the supported data types are `Inherit: auto` (default), ```Enum: <class name>```, and a data type object.

#### Programmatic Use

 Block Parameter: `LabelDataTypeStr` Type: character vector Values: ```'Inherit: Inherit via back propagation'``` | `'Inherit: auto'` | `'double'` | `'single'` | `'half'` | `'int8'` | `'uint8'` | `'int16'` | `'uint16'` | `'int32'` | `'uint32'` | `'int64'` | `'uint64'` | `'boolean'` | `'fixdt(1,16)'` | `'fixdt(1,16,0)'` | `'fixdt(1,16,2^0,0)'` | ```'Enum: '``` | ```''``` Default: ```'Inherit: Inherit via back propagation'``` (for numeric and logical labels) | `'Inherit: auto'` (for nonnumeric labels)

Lower value of the label output range that Simulink® checks.

Simulink uses the minimum value to perform:

Note

The Label minimum parameter does not saturate or clip the actual label output signal. Use the Saturation (Simulink) block instead.

#### Dependencies

You can specify this parameter only if the model specified by ```Select trained machine learning model``` uses numeric labels.

#### Programmatic Use

 Block Parameter: `LabelOutMin` Type: character vector Values: `'[]'` | scalar Default: `'[]'`

Upper value of the label output range that Simulink checks.

Simulink uses the maximum value to perform:

Note

The Label maximum parameter does not saturate or clip the actual label output signal. Use the Saturation (Simulink) block instead.

#### Dependencies

You can specify this parameter only if the model specified by ```Select trained machine learning model``` uses numeric labels.

#### Programmatic Use

 Block Parameter: `LabelOutMax` Type: character vector Values: `'[]'` | scalar Default: `'[]'`

Specify the data type for the score output. The type can be inherited, specified directly, or expressed as a data type object such as `Simulink.NumericType`.

When you select `Inherit: auto`, the block uses a rule that inherits a data type.

Click the button to display the Data Type Assistant, which helps you set the data type attributes. For more information, see Specify Data Types Using Data Type Assistant (Simulink).

#### Programmatic Use

 Block Parameter: `ScoreDataTypeStr` Type: character vector Values: `'Inherit: auto'` | `'double'` | `'single'` | `'half'` | `'int8'` | `'uint8'` | `'int16'` | `'uint16'` | `'int32'` | `'uint32'` | `'int64'` | `'uint64'` | `'boolean'` | `'fixdt(1,16)'` | `'fixdt(1,16,0)'` | `'fixdt(1,16,2^0,0)'` | ```''``` Default: ```'Inherit: auto'```

Lower value of the score output range that Simulink checks.

Simulink uses the minimum value to perform:

Note

The Score minimum parameter does not saturate or clip the actual score signal. Use the Saturation (Simulink) block instead.

#### Programmatic Use

 Block Parameter: `ScoreOutMin` Type: character vector Values: `'[]'` | scalar Default: `'[]'`

Upper value of the score output range that Simulink checks.

Simulink uses the maximum value to perform:

Note

The Score maximum parameter does not saturate or clip the actual score signal. Use the Saturation (Simulink) block instead.

#### Programmatic Use

 Block Parameter: `ScoreOutMax` Type: character vector Values: `'[]'` | scalar Default: `'[]'`

Specify the data type for the internal untransformed scores. The type can be inherited, specified directly, or expressed as a data type object such as `Simulink.NumericType`.

When you select `Inherit: auto`, the block uses a rule that inherits a data type.

Click the button to display the Data Type Assistant, which helps you set the data type attributes. For more information, see Specify Data Types Using Data Type Assistant (Simulink).

#### Dependencies

You can specify this parameter only if the model specified by ```Select trained machine learning model``` uses a score transformation other than `'none'` (default, same as `'identity'`).

• If the model uses no score transformations (`'none'` or `'identity'`), then you can specify the score data type by using ```Score data type```.

• If the model uses a score transformation other than `'none'` or `'identity'`, then you can specify the data type of untransformed raw scores by using this parameter and specify the data type of transformed scores by using ```Score data type```.

You can change the score transformation option by specifying the `'ScoreTransform'` name-value argument during training, or by changing the `ScoreTransform` property after training.

#### Programmatic Use

 Block Parameter: `RawScoreDataTypeStr` Type: character vector Values: `'Inherit: auto'` | `'double'` | `'single'` | `'half'` | `'int8'` | `'uint8'` | `'int16'` | `'uint16'` | `'int32'` | `'uint32'` | `'int64'` | `'uint64'` | `'boolean'` | `'fixdt(1,16)'` | `'fixdt(1,16,0)'` | `'fixdt(1,16,2^0,0)'` | ```''``` Default: `'Inherit: auto'`

Lower value of the untransformed score range that Simulink checks.

Simulink uses the minimum value to perform:

Note

The Raw score minimum parameter does not saturate or clip the actual untransformed score signal.

#### Programmatic Use

 Block Parameter: `RawScoreOutMin` Type: character vector Values: `'[]'` | scalar Default: `'[]'`

Upper value of the untransformed score range that Simulink checks.

Simulink uses the maximum value to perform:

Note

The Raw score maximum parameter does not saturate or clip the actual untransformed score signal.

#### Programmatic Use

 Block Parameter: `RawScoreOutMax` Type: character vector Values: `'[]'` | scalar Default: `'[]'`

Specify the data type of a parameter for kernel computation. The type can be specified directly or expressed as a data type object such as `Simulink.NumericType`.

The Kernel data type parameter specifies the data type of a different parameter depending on the type of kernel function of the specified SVM model. You specify the `'KernelFunction'` name-value argument when training the SVM model.

`'KernelFunction'` valueData Type
`'gaussian'` or `'rbf'`Kernel data type specifies the data type of the squared distance ${D}^{2}={‖x-s‖}^{2}$ for the Gaussian kernel $G\left(x,s\right)=\mathrm{exp}\left(-{D}^{2}\right)$, where x is the predictor data for an observation and s is a support vector.
`'linear'`Kernel data type specifies the data type for the output of the linear kernel function $G\left(x,s\right)=xs\text{'}$, where x is the predictor data for an observation and s is a support vector.
`'polynomial'`Kernel data type specifies the data type for the output of the polynomial kernel function $G\left(x,s\right)={\left(1+xs\text{'}\right)}^{p}$, where x is the predictor data for an observation, s is a support vector, and p is a polynomial kernel function order.

Click the button to display the Data Type Assistant, which helps you set the data type attributes. For more information, see Specify Data Types Using Data Type Assistant (Simulink).

#### Programmatic Use

 Block Parameter: `KernelDataTypeStr` Type: character vector Values: `'double'` | `'single'` | `'half'` | `'int8'` | `'uint8'` | `'int16'` | `'uint16'` | `'int32'` | `'uint32'` | `'uint64'` | `'int64'` | `'boolean'` | `'fixdt(1,16)'` | `'fixdt(1,16,0)'` | `'fixdt(1,16,2^0,0)'` | `''` Default: `'double'`

Lower value of the kernel computation internal variable range that Simulink checks.

Simulink uses the minimum value to perform:

Note

The Kernel minimum parameter does not saturate or clip the actual kernel computation value signal.

#### Programmatic Use

 Block Parameter: `KernelOutMin` Type: character vector Values: `'[]'` | scalar Default: `'[]'`

Upper value of the kernel computation internal variable range that Simulink checks.

Simulink uses the maximum value to perform:

Note

The Kernel maximum parameter does not saturate or clip the actual kernel computation value signal.

#### Programmatic Use

 Block Parameter: `KernelOutMax` Type: character vector Values: `'[]'` | scalar Default: `'[]'`

## Block Characteristics

 Data Types `Boolean` | `double` | `enumerated` | `fixed point` | `half` | `integer` | `single` Direct Feedthrough `yes` Multidimensional Signals `no` Variable-Size Signals `no` Zero-Crossing Detection `no`

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## Tips

• If you are using a linear SVM model and it has many support vectors, then prediction (classifying observations) can be slow. To efficiently classify observations based on a linear SVM model, remove the support vectors from the `ClassificationSVM` or `CompactClassificationSVM` object by using `discardSupportVectors`.

## Alternative Functionality

You can use a MATLAB Function block with the `predict` object function of an SVM classification object (`ClassificationSVM` or `CompactClassificationSVM`). For an example, see Predict Class Labels Using MATLAB Function Block.

When deciding whether to use the ClassificationSVM Predict block in the Statistics and Machine Learning Toolbox™ library or a MATLAB Function block with the `predict` function, consider the following:

• If you use the Statistics and Machine Learning Toolbox library block, you can use the Fixed-Point Tool (Fixed-Point Designer) to convert a floating-point model to fixed point.

• Support for variable-size arrays must be enabled for a MATLAB Function block with the `predict` function.

• If you use a MATLAB Function block, you can use MATLAB functions for preprocessing or post-processing before or after predictions in the same MATLAB Function block.

## Compatibility Considerations

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Behavior changed in R2021a

Behavior changed in R2021a

Behavior changed in R2021a

## Extended Capabilities

### Functions

Introduced in R2020b