How to split a number into 10 different numbers?

How to split a number into 10 different numbers randomly? Such as 50390 separate it into 10 random different numbers?

[Jos (10584)]

Do you mean that the sum of the 10 random numbers should be the original number? And should the numbers be positive, larger than zero, integers?

Answer 1

[Andrei Bobrov]

 a =  50390;
 b = rand(10,1);
 b  = b/sum(b)*a;
 out=round(b);
 out(1) = out(1) - (a-sum(out));

and with using Roger Stafford's idea

 a = 50390;
 n = 10;
 out = diff([0,sort(randperm(a-1,n-1)),a]);

[Mike Akarmann]

Great job Andrei! Simple and elegant! Thanks!

Answer 2

[Azzi Abdelmalek]

n=50390
idx=sort(randperm(n,10));
out=diff([idx n]);
out(1)=idx(1)+out(1);
sum(out)

%or in case the last number of idx is 50390

   n=50390
idx=sort(randperm(n,10));
out=diff([idx n]);
out(end)=out(end)+idx(1)
sum(out)

Answer 3

[Jos (10584)]

Assuming all number should be positive integers larger than zero, this will give a random solution. Note that not all possible solutions are equally likely, but that might not be a problem.

S = 50390 % original number
n = 10    % partitions
f = rand(1,n)
f = f./ sum(f) % sum(f) = 1, approx.
V = round(f.*S) 
V(V<1) = 1 % needs to be positive
V(1) = S - sum(V(2:end)) % deal with rounding errors etc.
isequal(sum(V),S) % check