two body problem using ode45

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siyeong Jang
siyeong Jang on 19 Nov 2019
Answered: Meysam Mahooti on 28 Jul 2021
% Assumption that earth is orbiting circulary around sun
v=0.0172; % angular velocity of earth [au/day]
p=365; % orbital time of earth [day]
a=1; % orbital radius of earth [au]
[t,x]=ode45(@earth,[0:0.001:p],[a;0;0;v]);
plot(x(:,1),x(:,3));
function dxdt=earth(t,x)
g=2.959*10^(-4);
m=1;
dxdt=[x(2);-g*m*x(1)/(x(1)^2+x(3)^2)^1.5;x(4);-g*m*x(3)/(x(1)^2+x(3)^2)^1.5];
end
theoretically, the earth must moves closed orbit.
but it doesn`t for my code
long time later the earth is converge into sun
what does matter?

Answers (4)

James Tursa
James Tursa on 19 Nov 2019
Edited: James Tursa on 19 Nov 2019
The RK methods don't match up well with the orbit DE problem because the integration errors tend to be systematic (e.g., always integrates a bit low) and build up over time. You can counteract this by specifying a tighter tolerance. Also, to get the best precision for your initial circular orbit calculate v programatically instead of hard coding it. E.g.,
g = 2.959e-4;
v = sqrt(g/a);
n = sqrt(g/a^3);
p = 2*pi/n;
options = odeset('RelTol',1e-10);
[t,x]=ode45(@earth,[0:0.001:20*p],[a;0;0;v],options);
  2 Comments
siyeong Jang
siyeong Jang on 20 Nov 2019
Thank you for your advice.
I have one more question.
what is the diffrent between solver ode45 and ode113.
it`s make different result in restricted three body problem.
whait is the correct?제목 없음.png
James Tursa
James Tursa on 20 Nov 2019
I could only point you to the doc for details of the differences:
In particular, see the "ODE with Stringent Error Threshold" example for a comparison of ode45 and ode113 in a two-body problem.

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Jim Riggs
Jim Riggs on 19 Nov 2019
Edited: Jim Riggs on 19 Nov 2019
I have studied the 2-body problem and the accuracy of different numerical solutions. See my comments in this thread:
I have found that the 4th order runge kutta is the most efficient solver for the 2 body problem. (This means that ode45 is a good choice)
I will reitterate what James Tursa says, you will NEVER get a closed orbit using a numerical approximation, it is only a matter of controlling the size of the error. This is why we do sensitivity studies to measure the numerical error as a functionof solver type and time step. The 2-body problem is a good one for evaluating numerical erors, since the 2 body problem SHOULD be a closed orbit, any deviation is ascribed to the solver, (but, note this is only true when positions are mesured from the system barycenter. Since you have pinned the sun position so that it does not move, you are OK)
Again, see the discussion at the given link.

darova
darova on 19 Nov 2019
- equation of equilibrium
123.png
Is this condition fullfield?

Meysam Mahooti
Meysam Mahooti on 28 Jul 2021
https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/61130-runge-kutta-fehlberg-rkf78?s_tid=srchtitle

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